Topic: Death (Page 2)

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๐Ÿ”— Wanggongchang Explosion

๐Ÿ”— Military history ๐Ÿ”— Disaster management ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— China/Chinese history ๐Ÿ”— China ๐Ÿ”— Astronomy ๐Ÿ”— Geology ๐Ÿ”— Military history/Asian military history ๐Ÿ”— Geology/Meteorites ๐Ÿ”— Military history/Chinese military history ๐Ÿ”— Explosives ๐Ÿ”— Astronomy/Solar System

The Wanggongchang Explosion (Chinese: ็Ž‹ๆญๅป ๅคง็ˆ†็‚ธ), also known as the Great Tianqi Explosion (ๅคฉๅ•Ÿๅคง็ˆ†็‚ธ), Wanggongchang Calamity (็Ž‹ๆญๅป ไน‹่ฎŠ) or Beijing Explosive Incident in Late Ming (ๆ™šๆ˜ŽๅŒ—ไบฌ็ˆ†็‚ธไบ‹ไปถ), was an unexplained catastrophic explosion that occurred on May 30 of the Chinese calendar in 1626 AD during the late reign of Tianqi Emperor, at the heavily populated Ming China capital Beijing, and had reportedly killed around 20,000 people. The nature of the explosion is still unclear to this day, as it is estimated to have released energy equivalent to about 10-20 kiloton of TNT, similar to that of the Hiroshima bombing.

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๐Ÿ”— Holodomor

๐Ÿ”— Human rights ๐Ÿ”— Soviet Union ๐Ÿ”— Crime ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Philosophy ๐Ÿ”— Discrimination ๐Ÿ”— Philosophy/Ethics ๐Ÿ”— Soviet Union/history of Russia ๐Ÿ”— Soviet Union/Russia ๐Ÿ”— Ukraine ๐Ÿ”— Ethnic groups

The Holodomor (Ukrainian: ะ“ะพะปะพะดะพะผะพฬั€, romanized:ย Holodomรณr; derived from ะผะพั€ะธั‚ะธ ะณะพะปะพะดะพะผ, moryty holodom, 'to kill by starvation'), also known as the Terror-Famine and sometimes referred to as the Great Famine was a famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The term Holodomor emphasises the famine's man-made and intentional aspects such as rejection of outside aid, confiscation of all household foodstuffs and restriction of population movement. As part of the wider Soviet famine of 1932โ€“33 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the country, millions of inhabitants of Ukraine, the majority of whom were ethnic Ukrainians, died of starvation in a peacetime catastrophe unprecedented in the history of Ukraine. Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by Ukraine and 15 other countries as a genocide of the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet government.

Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials varied greatly. According to higher estimates, up to 12 million ethnic Ukrainians were said to have perished as a result of the famine. A United Nations joint statement signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7โ€“10 million perished. Research has since narrowed the estimates to between 3.3 and 7.5 million. According to the findings of the Court of Appeal of Kyiv in 2010, the demographic losses due to the famine amounted to 10 million, with 3.9 million direct famine deaths, and a further 6.1 million birth deficits.

Whether the Holodomor was genocide is still the subject of academic debate, as are the causes of the famine and intentionality of the deaths. Some scholars believe that the famine was planned by Joseph Stalin to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement.

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๐Ÿ”— Death by Coconut

๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Plants

Coconuts falling from their trees and striking individuals can cause serious injury to the back, neck, shoulders and head, and are occasionally fatal.

Following a 1984 study on "Injuries Due to Falling Coconuts", exaggerated claims spread concerning the number of deaths by falling coconuts. Falling coconuts, according to urban legend, kill a few people a year. This legend gained momentum after the 2002 work of a noted expert on shark attacks was characterized as saying that falling coconuts kill 150 people each year worldwide. This statistic has often been contrasted with the number of shark-caused deaths per year, which is around five.

Concern about the risk of fatality due to falling coconuts led local officials in Queensland, Australia, to remove coconut trees from beaches in 2002. One newspaper dubbed coconuts "the killer fruit". Historical reports of actual death by coconut nonetheless date back to the 1770s.

Another way to "die by coconut" is to suffer sudden cardiac death as a result of hyperkalemia, after consuming moderate to large quantities of coconut water, due to the high levels of potassium in coconut water.

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๐Ÿ”— Fan death

๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Korea ๐Ÿ”— Skepticism ๐Ÿ”— Alternative Views ๐Ÿ”— Korea/Korean popular culture working group

Fan death is a widely held belief in Korean culture, where it is thought that running an electric fan in a closed room with unopened or no windows will prove fatal. Despite no concrete evidence to support the concept, belief in fan death persists to this day in Korea, and also to a lesser extent in Japan and Russia.

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๐Ÿ”— Value of life

๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Economics ๐Ÿ”— Philosophy ๐Ÿ”— Business ๐Ÿ”— Philosophy/Ethics

The value of life is an economic value used to quantify the benefit of avoiding a fatality. It is also referred to as the cost of life, value of preventing a fatality (VPF), implied cost of averting a fatality (ICAF), and value of a statistical life (VSL). In social and political sciences, it is the marginal cost of death prevention in a certain class of circumstances. In many studies the value also includes the quality of life, the expected life time remaining, as well as the earning potential of a given person especially for an after-the-fact payment in a wrongful death claim lawsuit.

As such, it is a statistical term, the cost of reducing the average number of deaths by one. It is an important issue in a wide range of disciplines including economics, health care, adoption, political economy, insurance, worker safety, environmental impact assessment, globalization, and process safety.

The motivation for placing a monetary value on life is to enable policy and regulatory analysts to allocate the limited supply of resources, infrastructure, labor, and tax revenue. Estimates for the value of a life are used to compare the life-saving and risk-reduction benefits of new policies, regulations, and projects against a variety of other factors, often using a cost-benefit analysis.

Estimates for the statistical value of life are published and used in practice by various government agencies. In Western countries and other liberal democracies, estimates for the value of a statistical life typically range from US$1 millionโ€”US$10 million; for example, the United States FEMA estimated the value of a statistical life at US$7.5 million in 2020.

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๐Ÿ”— Assassination of Boris Nemtsov

๐Ÿ”— Russia ๐Ÿ”— Crime ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Russia/politics and law of Russia

The assassination of Boris Nemtsov, a Russian politician opposed to the government of Vladimir Putin, occurred in central Moscow on Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge at 23:31 local time on 27 February 2015. An unknown assailant fired seven or eight shots from a Makarov pistol; four of them hit Boris Nemtsov in the head, heart, liver and stomach, killing him almost instantly. He died hours after appealing to the public to support a march against Russia's war in Ukraine. Nemtsov's Ukrainian partner Anna Duritskaya survived the attack as its sole eyewitness.

The assassination was met with worldwide condemnation and concern for the situation of the Russian opposition. Russian authorities also condemned the murder and vowed to conduct a thorough investigation.

On 8 March 2015, Russian authorities charged Anzor Gubashev and Zaur Dadaev, both originating from the Northern Caucasus, with involvement in the crime. According to Russian authorities, Dadaev confessed to involvement in the murder. However, he later retracted his statement, as extracted by torture. Three more suspects were arrested around the same time and, according to Russian media, another suspect blew himself up in Grozny when Russian police forces surrounded his apartment block.

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๐Ÿ”— List of selfie-related injuries and deaths

๐Ÿ”— Internet culture ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Lists ๐Ÿ”— Photography ๐Ÿ”— Photography/History of photography

This is a list of serious injuries and deaths in which one or more subjects of a selfie were killed or injured, either before, during or after having taken a photo of themselves, with the accident at least in part attributed to the taking of the photo.

The United States Department of Transportation estimated that during 2014, the so-called "year of the selfie", 33,000 people were injured while driving and using a cell-phone in some fashion, which can include talking, listening, and "manual button/control actuation" including taking, uploading, downloading, editing, or opening of selfies. A 2015 survey by Erie Insurance Group found that 4% of all drivers admitted to taking selfies while driving.

The Washington Post reported in January 2016 that "about half" of at least 27 "selfie related" deaths in 2015 had occurred in India. No official datasets on the number of people who died taking selfies in India exists, but reports show from 2014 up to August 2016, there have been at least 54 deaths in India while taking selfies. The Indian Ministry of Tourism asked states to identify and barricade 'selfie danger' areas, its first national attempt to deal with the selfie deaths. Mumbai Police identified at least 16 danger zones after a man drowned attempting to save a selfie-taker. No-selfie zones were also established in certain areas of the Kumbh Mela because organizers feared bottlenecks caused by selfie-takers could spark stampedes.

A 2018 study of news reports showed that between October 2011 and November 2017, there were 259 selfie deaths in 137 incidents reported globally, with the highest occurrences in India, followed by Russia, United States, and Pakistan. The mean age was 23 years old, with male deaths outnumbering female about three to one.

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๐Ÿ”— Bucha Massacre

๐Ÿ”— International relations ๐Ÿ”— Human rights ๐Ÿ”— Russia ๐Ÿ”— Military history ๐Ÿ”— Crime ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Ukraine ๐Ÿ”— Russia/Russian, Soviet, and CIS military history ๐Ÿ”— Military history/Russian, Soviet and CIS military history

In March 2022, a series of war crimes were committed by Russian occupation forces in the Ukrainian city of Bucha during the Battle of Bucha, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Ukrainian authorities said that more than 300 inhabitants of the town had been killed.

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๐Ÿ”— 2009 flu pandemic in the United States

๐Ÿ”— United States ๐Ÿ”— International relations ๐Ÿ”— Disaster management ๐Ÿ”— Medicine ๐Ÿ”— Viruses ๐Ÿ”— Death

The 2009 flu pandemic in the United States was a novel strain of the Influenza A/H1N1 virus, commonly referred to as "swine flu", that began in the spring of 2009. The virus had spread to the US from an outbreak in Mexico.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that from April 12, 2009 to April 10, 2010, there were 60.8 million cases, 274,000 hospitalizations, and 12,469 deaths (0.02% infection fatality rate/Mortality rate) in the United States due to the virus.

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๐Ÿ”— Wikipedia: The 2009 H1N1 flu outbreak

๐Ÿ”— United States ๐Ÿ”— International relations ๐Ÿ”— Disaster management ๐Ÿ”— Medicine ๐Ÿ”— Viruses ๐Ÿ”— Canada ๐Ÿ”— Death ๐Ÿ”— Agriculture ๐Ÿ”— Mexico

The 2009 flu pandemic or swine flu was an influenza pandemic that lasted from January 2009 to August 2010, and the second of the two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first being the 1918โ€“1920 Spanish flu pandemic), albeit a new strain. First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a new strain of H1N1, which resulted from a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine, and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu". According to WHO, the laboratory confirmed death toll is more than 18,036. Meanwhile, some studies estimated that 11 to 21 percent of the global population at the time โ€“ or around 700 million to 1.4 billion people (out of a total of 6.8 billion) โ€“ contracted the illness. This was more than the number of people infected by the Spanish flu pandemic, but only resulted in about 150,000 to 575,000 fatalities for the 2009 pandemic. A follow-up study done in September 2010 showed that the risk of serious illness resulting from the 2009 H1N1 flu was no higher than that of the yearly seasonal flu. For comparison, the WHO estimates that 250,000 to 500,000 people die of seasonal flu annually.

Unlike most strains of influenza, the Pandemic H1N1/09 virus does not disproportionately infect adults older than 60ย years; this was an unusual and characteristic feature of the H1N1 pandemic. Even in the case of previously very healthy people, a small percentage develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs three to six days after initial onset of flu symptoms. The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia. A November 2009 New England Journal of Medicine article recommended that flu patients whose chest X-ray indicates pneumonia receive both antivirals and antibiotics. In particular, it is a warning sign if a child (and presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with high fever, as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.

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